References
This reference list is compiled from the ARORRA document (January 2026). All URLs link to external sources.
- Advocate. (2025). AI replacing workers raises ethical concerns. https://www.advocate.com/voices/ai-replacing-workers
- American Psychological Association. (2024, October 15). APA's AI tool guide for practitioners. https://www.apaservices.org/…
- American Psychological Association. (2025). Guidance for the evaluation of AI scribes. https://www.apa.org/…/evaluating-ai-scribes
- American Psychological Association. (2025, January). Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence. Monitor on Psychology. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2025/01/…
- American Psychological Association. (2025, June). Artificial intelligence and adolescent well-being: An APA health advisory. https://www.apa.org/…
- American Psychological Association. (2025, July). Ethical guidance for AI in the professional practice of health service psychology. https://www.apa.org/…
- American Psychological Association. (2025, September 2). APA to Congress: Put psychology at the center of AI in health care. https://www.apaservices.org/…
- American Psychological Association. (2025, November). APA health advisory on the use of generative AI chatbots and wellness applications for mental health. https://www.apa.org/…
- American Psychological Association. (2025, December 9). Psychologists increase uptake of AI tools, but cautions persist. https://www.apa.org/…
- American Psychological Association. (2025, December 10). How to help your students use AI without losing the learning. https://www.apa.org/…
- Andoh, E. (2026, January 1). AI chatbots and digital companions are reshaping emotional connection. Monitor on Psychology, 57(1). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2026/01-02/…
- AP News. (2025, September). Regulators struggle to keep up with the fast-moving landscape of AI therapy apps. https://apnews.com/…
- AP News. (2025, November). OpenAI faces 7 lawsuits claiming ChatGPT drove people to suicide, delusions. https://apnews.com/…
- Backhaus, A., Agha, Z., Maglione, M. L., Repp, A., Ross, B., Zuest, D., Rice-Thorp, N. M., Lohr, J., & Thorp, S. R. (2012). Videoconferencing psychotherapy: A systematic review. Psychological Services, 9, 111–131. doi:10.1037/a0027924.
- Bauer, E., Greiff, S., Graesser, A. C., Scheiter, K., & Sailer, M. (2025). Looking beyond the hype: Understanding the effects of AI on learning. Educational Psychology Review, 37(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10020-8
- De Freitas, J., Oğuz-Uğuralp, Z., Kaan Uğuralp, A., & Puntoni, S. (2025). AI companions reduce loneliness. Journal of Consumer Research, ucaf040. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaf040
- Erbes, C. R., Stinson, R., Kuhn, E., Polusny, M., Urban, J., Hoffman, J., Ruzek, J. I., Stepnowsky, C., & Thorp, S. R. (2014). Access, utilization, and interest in mHealth applications among veterans receiving outpatient care for PTSD. Military Medicine, 179, 1218–1222.
- Favakehi, P., Flores, M. & Thorp, S. R. (2026). Technology, technophobia, and older adult mental health. Age in Action (January Issue). https://ageinaction.org/…
- García-Pineda, V., Valencia-Arias, A., López Giraldo, F. E., & Zapata Ochoa, E. A. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence and quantum computing. International Journal of Cognitive Computing in Engineering, 7, 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcce.2025.08.002
- Heinz, M. V., et al. (2025). Randomized trial of a generative AI chatbot for mental health treatment. NEJM AI, 2(4), AIoa2400802.
- Hershfield, H. E. (2011). Future self-continuity: How conceptions of the future self transform intertemporal choice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1235, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/…
- Martin, K. J., Lauderdale, S. A., Thorp, S., & Mohlman, J. (2019). Psychometric properties of the older adult technophobia scale. Innovating Aging, 3(S1). https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1195
- Morland, L. A., Mackintosh, M., Glassman, L. H., Wells, S. Y., Thorp, S. R., et al. (2020). Home-based delivery of variable length prolonged exposure therapy. Depression and Anxiety, 37, 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22979
- OpenAI. (2025). ChatGPT (5.2; December 21 version). [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
- Pew Research Center. (2025, September 17). How Americans view AI and its impact on people and society. https://www.pewresearch.org/…
- Phang, J., Lampe, M., Ahmad, L., et al. (2025). Investigating affective use and emotional well-being on ChatGPT. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.03888
- Selmi, P. M., Klein, M. H., Greist, J. H., Sorrell, S. P., & Erdman, H. P. (1990). Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147(1), 51–56.
- Shen, Y. I., Nelson, A. J. & Oberlin, B. G. (2022). Virtual reality intervention effects on future self-continuity. Discover Mental Health, 2, 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1
- Thorp, S. R., Fidler, J., Moreno, L., Floto, E., & Agha, Z. (2012). Lessons learned from studies of psychotherapy for PTSD via video teleconferencing. Psychological Services, 9, 197–199.
- Westwood, S. J. (2025). The potential existential threat of large language models to online survey research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(47), e2518075122.
- Xygkou, A., Siriaraya, P., Covaci, A., Prigerson, H. G., Neimeyer, R., Ang, C. S., & She, W. J. (2023). The "conversation" about loss. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581154
Note: Additional news and magazine references (BBC, CNBC, Forbes, The Guardian, etc.) are in the original ARORRA document. This online version presents primary peer-reviewed and organizational sources.